Investigating Osmosis in Potato Tissue :: Papers

Investigating Osmosis in Potato Tissue Aim To estimate the concentration of sucrose in potato tissue. Hypothesis ========== I believe that the potato tissue that has been in the hypotonic (0.1M sucrose) solution will be more turgid than before, while the tissue in the isotonic (0.3M sucrose) will be similar to its previous state. The tissue that has been in the hypertonic (0.5M sucrose) should be far more placid than it was before. This is because of osmosis - water diffusing in and out of the potato tissue cells. Apparatus =========  · 1 potato tuber  · 1 cork borer  · 1 ceramic tile  · 1 scalpel  · Paper towels  · 6 boiling tubes  · 1 marker pen  · 0.1M, 0.3M, and 0.5M sucrose solution  · Access to an electric balance  · 1 funnel Method ====== The volume of each boiling tube was calculated, and then 2 tubes were half-filled with 0.1M sucrose solution, 2 tubes were filled with 0.3M sucrose solution, while the final 2 tubes were filled with 0.5M sucrose solution. Then 6 cylinders of potato were cut from the tuber using the cork borer. These were then all cut down to 20mm in length using the scalpel. They were then dried with the paper towel to remove excess water before being weighed on the electric balance. The weight of each was recorded. They were then all immersed in the solution in the boiling tubes, and the tubes were labelled using the marker pen and then lids were put on. They were then left for 24 hours in a moderate temperature before being taken out and dried using the paper towels. They were then weighed on the electric balance and the final mass was recorded. The cylinders were then gently squeezed to determine the condition of the potato tissue after osmosis - very firm (turgid), firm, or soft (flaccid). The percentage difference between the mass before and after the experiment was then calculated, and the

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Did you know that the levels of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere are almost 50ppm (parts per million) more than what they should be? Organizations such as 350 try to fix this, but can they do it all on their own? Carbon dioxide is one of the many greenhouse gases that controls how Earth’s temperature rises by absorbing solar radiation and allows life on Earth to exist. Carbon dioxide might appear as beneficial, but right now it is the leading cause of global warming. The process in which decreasing the amounts of carbon dioxide in the air includes geoengineering which means, purposely changing the environmental processes to affect Earth’s climate. Some examples of geoengineering at its finest are enhanced weathering, ocean fertilization, and carbon dioxide scrubbers (also called CO2 scrubbers). The first way to reduce the amount of CO2 in our atmosphere is to use enhanced weathering. When certain types of minerals dissolve in rainwater, carbon dioxide is taken from the air. We can use enhanced weathering by digging up other rocks that are able to covalently bond with carbon dioxide by storing it in the soil or ocean such as calcite (CaCO3) and forsterite (Mg2SiO4). In the chemical compounds for calcite and forsterite, there are the elements calcium and magnesium. That contributes to enhanced weathering because for every molecule of calcium or magnesium taken away by these compounds, one molecule of carbon dioxide is removed. Another way of executing enhanced weathering would be carbonate looping. Carbonate looping is the process of converting calcium carbonate into calcium oxide. To do this, you would take rocks that contain calcium carbonate and expose them to CO2, so that those rocks would react by storing the carbon dioxid... ...dioxide scrubber in action is created by a team of American scientists led by Klaus Lackner. Basically, the machine contains an ion exchange resin which the CO2 sticks to, while the clean air is released. They claim that it can suck in one ton of carbon dioxide in a day. It has not been made available yet, but is thought of to be an economic solution to making carbon dioxide scrubbers. In conclusion, we can decrease the levels of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere by using the geoengineering processes of enhanced weathering, ocean fertilization, and using CO2 scrubbers. If we do not acknowledge the fact that levels of greenhouses gases like carbon dioxide and methane are higher than they need to be, global warming has the potential of damaging the Earth and possibly us. We all have the chance to save the world from global warming. Will you take that opportunity?

Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues Simulation Summary

Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues Simulation Summary What are the issues involved in resolving legal disputes in international transactions? When the United States (U. S. ) entering into an agreement with another country it is important that the U. S. Company confirms that the contract is legally enforceable. With international business transactions each country needs to be aware of any international laws and legislations. Both parties should also be aware of changes that are made to international laws and regulations. What are some practical considerations of taking legal action against a foreign business partner based in another country? The consideration a business needs to know are the laws of the country they are doing business in and the country could deny further business transactions if possible legal action is taken. A United States (U. S. ) business has to remember, a law in the U. S. is not the same law in another country. If a law is broken, it may not be implemented in another country as it is in the U. S. A contract is a binding agreement, but it is only binding if the law agrees with it. If there is a good relationship with the country, then the business should be able to trust that the country will make good on it. What factors could work against CadMex's decision to grant sublicensing agreements? A business runs into difficulties with sublicensing agreement when they choose to make several of them, growing a business chance of having lawsuits created against them. Presume a business unnoticed including the sub-paragraphs within the contract which would relieve them of any legal issue because of the agreement, the company could be completely responsible for any financial damages. When the local customs and laws conflict with the customs and laws of an organization operating abroad, which should prevail? Explain why There is no clarification is required when local laws and custom, conflict with laws of companies operating aboard. When a United Stated (U. S. ) business had decided to do business those laws and customs would win out. In most situations, the U. S. based business would have to sign a contract stating they would conduct business in accordance to the law and customs of that country (Melvin, 2011). How would you compare the issues in this simulation to the domestic legal issues discussed in your Week One readings? How should companies resolve domestic and international issues differently? Every time two businesses decide to enter into a contract, each wants their own country law to apply, so their law would protect them. When a business does business with in their own country they know the laws that apply and protect them. The opposite happens when a business decides to do business outside of their own country. They are not as accustomed with the laws of other countries. For companies to protect themselves, they should hire a lawyer who is familiar with the country they are going to do business in. The lawyer of that country can read the contracts and ensure both parties have proper protection (Melvin, 2011).

Impact of online shopping on shopping centres in Australia Essay

Module 2 How would you define the industry to be analysed? Is the industry global? Is the organization mentioned Australian or overseas based? Can you make any inferences about the industry value chain from the article? What are the key product and services segments in the industry that are mentioned in the article? Are you able to identify the stage of the industry life-cycle from the facts in the article? What have been the remote environment trends that have driven the industry to its current state? Are these factors changing? What will be their impact on future growth in the industry? Remember an article may only make reference to some of the factors in the remote environment. What are the forces within the industry that determine the current profitability of the industry? Are these forces changing? What will be their impact on the future profitability of the industry? Again, remember an article may only make reference to some of the forces in the external industry environment. Does the article make any reference to the different customer market segments in the industry, and can you make an assessment of what drives customer demand in them? Given your remote and industry environment analyses, and your customer and market analysis, are you able to assess the basis of competition in the industry? What are the key factors that are critical for the organisation to do well in order to be successful? Are there any strategic groups that organisations in the industry compete in? Analyse the competitors if mentioned in the article, to gain a clear and specific profile of each major competitor in the industry. Module 3 Who are the key stakeholders of the organisation, and what are their  expectations from the organisation? What is the current business strategy of the organisation? Are you able to assess how the organisation has performed to date in meeting its objectives based on the given facts? Identify the capabilities of the organisation in the context of the competitive environment, and analyse them to determine whether these capabilities are strategic capabilities. Determine whether there are any inconsistencies (gaps) between the current business strategy and the remote environment, the industry environment and the performance of the organisation compared to its key competitors. Review the current business strategy against the expectations of the key stakeholders, the organisation s performance and the capabilities of the organisation. A review of these gaps, and an extended SWOT analysis, may reveal some possible alternatives and strategies that the organisation could pursue. These will often relate to improving the operational side of the organisation, while strategic growth options usually fall into the category of new products and/or new markets, which is discussed in Module 4. Module 4 Consider whether the organisation has leveraged its existing capabilities to its maximum market position and market penetration. Does the article indicate any strategy regarding development of new products or expanding its markets to remain competitive and/or to grow? Or is it possible that the company is taking another approach to growth (e.g. vertical integration)? If the organisation is considering new product development, review the important aspects to consider, including the key success factors for new product development. If the organisation is considering new market development, is the organisation trying to enter a new customer or geographic market, or both? Review the important considerations for new market development, including the strategic objectives for new market entry, evaluating the attractiveness of new markets, the key success factors for new market development and the advantages and disadvantages of different modes of market entry. Consider the accounting challenges that moving into new products or markets are likely to bring. Module 5 Evaluate each of the strategic options, such as different product and market options, on the basis of appropriate criteria, having regard for effective management of the organisation’s portfolio of projects. What are the risks assessed for each of the strategic options? Scenario planning should be undertaken in order to quantify and compare the variation in their potential outcomes. Evaluate each of the strategic options in terms of their consistency with the organisation’s external and internal environments, the feasibility of successfully undertaking the option and the competitive advantage it will give the organisation. Make the recommendations to key decision makers of which strategic options to adopt, demonstrating the alignment of the options to the business strategy and providing information on the benefits, risks and key steps in implementing the options. Module 6 What challenges is the organisation likely to face, or is currently experiencing, in implementing its strategies? How has the organisation performed in its implementation of the strategy? Determine the fit between the desired strategy and the business systems of the organisation, the organisational structure and the internal politics of the organisation. Is there a good fit between the desired strategy and the organisational culture? Consider any cross-cultural issues for the organisation. How is and/or should the process of change be implemented in the organisation? Module 7 Has the organisation considered any misalignments with all the interconnected 7- aspects of the implementation plan? Review the nature and the scale of change required to gain an understanding of the type of leadership required to lead it. How has, or should have, the leader performed in their strategic analysis, selection and implementation role?

An Introduction to the Creative Essay on the Topic of Vacation in Acapulco Mexico

An Introduction to the Creative Essay on the Topic of Vacation in Acapulco Mexico While on vacation in Acapulco Mexico, I, along with my family and friends took a tour by boat to a small resort island. As we approached, I was awestruck by its beauty. I knew this was going to be fun, but had no idea that this place would be forever etched in my mind. We were greeted at the dock by two natives dressed in brightly colored tropical shirts, white pants and shoes. They were also wearing smiles just as bright. They escorted us to an open-air type restaurant with a thatched roof that was actually attached to the pier at which we docked. The restaurant had a casual atmosphere that made us very comfortable. The food was served buffet style, with an elegant array of Mexican and American cuisine. The entertainment provided in the restaurant during and after the buffet was de- lightful. A ten minute introduction to the Mexican culture was followed by an intriguing native dance, performed by a man dressed in an authentic looking costume consisting of only a rawhide g-string wit h a short apron front. His sandals had leather cords winding halfway up his legs. This dance depicted a story of a hunter and his prey. It was narrated by a woman who was also in costume. Brightly dressed Mexican men were beating drums and banging sticks providing the sound effects for the story. This was truly a great beginning to a wonderful afternoon. Behind the restaurant was a low mountainous area, accessible by walking trails only. We hiked one of these trails, observing the brightly colored tropical plants and trees that flourished on this well maintained terrain. A beautiful waterfall added to the splendor, and when we reached the top, a lookout provided a panoramic view of the entire bay. What a breathtaking sight! There was a bar here, and after a cool drink we decided to head down. We took a different trail down that brought us to the base of the mountain. In front of us, about 150 feet was the beach. It was 90 degrees and the Mexican sun made the sand hot under our feet. However, a gentle breeze kept us comfortable otherwise. On the beach we rented a cabana, which is little more than a thatched umbrella, table and beach chairs. There, we sat and enjoyed one of those big tropical drinks that has fruit on the edge of the glass and a small umbrella of its own. Staring out into the bay from my chair, was possibly the most serene feeling I have had in all my life. There were many people around and they were making plenty of noise, but my mind was absorbed with the natural beauty of this place. It was like none that I had ever seen before. Looking across the bay towards the mainland, with all its hustle and bustle, I felt as if I had found paradise. I had been to the ocean before, but only in the U.S. Bay waters are much calmer, and therefore much clearer-so clear, in fact, that at a depth of six feet I was able to see a penny. The color of the water is also amazingly different from ocean water. The intensity of the blue color is almost fluorescent. After we rested, we decided it was time to get wet, so we donned our snorkeling gear and entered the warm water. I had never snorkeled before, but it wasnt long before I felt comfortable. Most of our experience was in very shallow water and I dont think it was ever necessary to go down more than ten feet. The fish didnt seem to be bothered by our presence, and although I dont know what kind they were, I touched two of them, and there reaction was only to flip there tail. About forty feet out from the beach it was still only about seven or eight feet deep, and thats where the coral appeared. This is something that no television or video could do justice to. The vivid colors of the coral alone were enough to make this whole trip worth while. There were many different types of fish, most of them with vibrant colors, varying in size from the size of a silver dollar, to the size of a foot or more in length. If youve seen the salt water fish tanks in a pet store, you know of the vibrant co lors that I am talking about. But being in the water with these creatures of beauty, who seem to welcome your presence, is something that needs to be experienced to appreciate. Wading back towards shore, I have to say I was sorry that this part of the day was over. Back on the beach, a horn signaled the need to prepare for the trip across the bay. Fortunately, the boat which came to pick us up was not the same as the boat that dropped us off. This one had a glass bottom that enabled the passengers to observe everything beneath the boat. There was a experienced diver who was a part of the entertainment. He dived under the boat, and as we watched in awe, he grabbed the tail of a seven foot shark, pulling himself close enough to the sharks head to be bitten, and he then began to pet the shark as if it were only a puppy. Other antics were included with a couple of other fish as we made our way back to the mainland. Once on shore we headed back to our hotel just in time to see yet another splendor, an Acapulco sunset! We made our way to the roof of the hotel, so that we could get a panoramic view. The rainbow of colors in the sky was more than you could see in any painting, no matter who the artist. There were hues of peach to deep orange, pale pink to deep fusia and purple. Gold was entwined throughout, and the sun itself was like a ball of fire. The colors kept changing, as if an artist was continually trying to improve on its beauty. The sunset lasted about twenty minutes, but the colorful streaks in the sky remained vivid for another half hour. I have never seen a magnificent sunset like this ever before. Seven years have passed now since that trip. In that time I have seen many beautiful places, but none have made as profound an impression on me as that little island in Acapulco Bay.

Richard Smallwood Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Richard Smallwood - Research Paper Example Smallwood started his career as a musician in 1982. Young artist gained popularity very quickly. Already at the beginning of 1980’s Smallwood became one of the most famous and successful gospel musicians. His first project was called The Richard Smallwood Singers. This first album had a success and the next, called Psalms, was even nominated for a Grammy. â€Å"I wanted to write a complete project with songs that dealt with the promises found in His Word so that I could encourage and remind us that God is still in control. Soon after, I began dreaming songs. I have dreamed a few songs before, but I can count the times on one hand that I remembered what I had dreamed after I had awaken. But this time, not only could I remember what I had dreamed but sometimes more than one song would come at the same time and I could barely keep up with them. I knew that God was saying something that we all needed to hear† (Smallwood). The next album was called Textures. It also had a great success and nominated and won. Many famous musicians were interested in his music and recorded it, Yolanda Adams, Karen Clark-Sheard, Destiny's Child are among them. Swallowed accompanied many great singers such as Leontyne Price. The current group of Richard Smallwood is called Vision, he created many great projects with it. After finishing his Master’s degree in 2004, the musician was invited to the Gospel Music Hall of Fame. Richard Smallwood’s life concert was recorded at the Manhattan Center in New York† (Ladywoo Ministry of Music").

Econometrcs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Econometrcs - Essay Example Accordingly the log-log model was found consistent with the economic theory. For example, the coefficient of own price was not significant while the coefficient of output price was negatively correlated in the linear-linear model. Cost minimizing farmers’ input demand however, should be positively correlated to the output price i.e. with increasing output price which in turn increase farmer’s profit the demand for inputs also should increase. Therefore, in the urea fertilizer demand model the paddy price should be positively correlated with the fertilizer demand. And also the price of urea should be negatively and significantly correlated to the demand for urea. Hence the log-log model is consistent with the economics theory. Therefore, it was used for interpretation as follows. Table2: Test for Autocorrelation Breusch-Godfrey LM test for autocorrelation lags(p) chi2 df Prob > chi2 1 0.520 1 0.4709 H0: no serial correlation N*R2 = 23*0.516 = 11.868 N*R2 > chi2 Therefore reject H0. There is auto correlation in the model. Thus the robust estimates were taken. Table3: Test for Multicolinarity Variable VIF 1/VIF Log-Urea Price (Rs/Kg) 2.67 0.37453 Log- Open Market Price of Paddy (Rs/Mt) 2.42 0.41322 Log- Wages (Rs/Day) 2.08 0.48072 Log- Lag dependent 1.58 0.63344 Mean VIF 2.19 ii) In log-log equations the coefficients reflects the price elasticity of the respective variables. For example in the above model the own price elasticity of urea demand is -0.0561 i.e. with 1 percentage proportion decrease in urea price the increase the demand for urea by 5.6 percentage proportion. Similarly, the elasticity of urea demand for paddy price is 0.459 i.e. 1 percentage proportion increase in open market price of paddy can increase the demand for urea fertilizer by 45.9 percentage proportion. In the model the largest, significant coefficient was associated with the open market price of paddy. This shows that paddy farmers production decisions are influenced highly by the output price compared to the price of other factors of production such as fertilizer, labor and crude oil. However both own price elasticity and output price elasticitys are less than one and hence are inelastic. The demand for fertilizer is negatively correlated to the wage rates and crude oil prices. With increasing wage rates and oil prices the cost of production increase and hence these variables are negatively correlated in the demand model. The elasticity of demand with respect to wage rates is -0.261 while the elasticity of demand with respect to crude oil price is -0.145. therefore the demand for urea fertilizer decrease by 26.1 and 14.5 percentage proportions with respect to 1 percentage proportion increase in wage rates and crude oil prices respectively. Crude oil price represent the transport cost and also paddy processing costs. The goodness of fit as denoted by the adjusted R2 value of the above model is 51.6 percentage proportion and the probability value of the f statistic was 0.00. Therefore the model is statistically significant